DRÄGAR: GRAMMAR
________________
Syntax
OSV
Postpositions
Head-final
________________
Grammatical cases
Case
Singular
Highlighted singular
Paucal
Plural
Collective
Nominative
-wu / -u
-wur / -ur
-wuk / -uk
-wun / -un
-wus / -us
Dative
-ni / -i
-nir / -ir
-nik / -ik
-nin / -in
-nis / -is
Ablative
-ma / -a
-mar / -ar
-mak / -ak
-man / -an
-mas / -as
Genitive
-le / -e
-ler / -er
-lek / -ek
-len / -en
-les / -es
Semblative
-so / -o
-sor / -or
-sok / -ok
-son / -on
-sos / -os
________________
Verbal aspects
Aspect
Type 1/Ki verbs
Type 2/Sa verbs
PREFIXED ASPECTS
Perfective
Ø- / Mon-
Ø- / Dau- / Daw-
Habitual
Lae-
Män-
Progressive
Koi- / Koj-
Dan-
Stative
Ø-
Ø-
Gnomic
Son-
Je-
Continuative
Nae-
Gen-
Intensive
Mei- / Mej-
Jai- /Jaj-
Attenuative
Du-
Ne-
Negative
Ko-
Ma-
Reflexive
Kur-
Tau- /Taw-
Reciprocal
Nor-
Lor-
SUFFIXED ASPECTS
Potential
-rok
-näs
Causative
-nim
-mir
Passive
-ris
-nam
Desiderative
-gas
-dil
Tentative
-kath
-lät
________________
Verbal moods
Mood
Type 1/Ki verbs
Type 2/Sa verbs
Indicative
Ø-
Ø-
Subjunctive
I- / Il-
I- / Il-
Conditional
U- / Us-
E- / Eth-
Beggar imperative
-kir
-sir
Polite imperative
-kamu
-samu
Adviser imperative
-kuth
-suth
Neutral imperative
-kel
-sel
Authoritarian imperative
-kao
-sao
Beggar jussive
-kar
-sar
Polite jussive
-käme
-säme
Adviser jussive
-kith
-sith
Neutral jussive
-kol
-sol
Authoritarian jussive
-keo
-seo
________________
Number markers
Number
Vowel ending
Consonant ending
Singular
-Ø
-Ø
Highlighted singular
-r
-ir
Paucal
-k
-ak
Plural
-n
-on
Collective
-s
-es
________________
Verb tenses
Tense
Type 1/Ki verbs
Type 2/Sa verbs
Far past
-lemi
-noja
Intermediate / Unknown past
-romi
-daja
Near past
-mi
-ja
Present
-ki
-sa
Near future
-jo
-mu
Intermediate / Unknown future
-rojo
-damu
Far future
-lejo
-nomu
________________
Verb nominalizing endings
These endings nominalize/adjectivize verbs, so they don’t classify as either tenses, aspects, or moods
Tense
Type 1/Ki verbs
Type 2/Sa verbs
Infinitive
-kisa
-saki
Gerund
-kimi
-sama
Present participle
-ara / -ra
-ara / -ra
Manneristic
-ram
-las
Stylistic
-tur
-neth
________________
Pronouns:
DRÄGAR
ENGLISH
Bek
I (Plain / Standard form)
Kädra
I (Formal / Honorific form)
Mai
You M (Plain / Standard form)
Kanmu
You M (Formal / Honorific form)
Son
You F (Plain / Standard form)
Konos
You F (Formal / Honorific form)
Lem
You N (Plain / Standard form)
Kalag
You N (Formal / Honorific form)
Dami
He (Plain / Standard form)
Kurja
He (Formal / Honorific form)
Mina
She (Plain / Standard form)
Kroba
She (Formal / Honorific form)
Nerjo
It P (Plain / Standard form)
Kella
It P (Formal / Honorific form)
Dur
It O (Plain / Standard form)
Käthno
It O (Formal / Honorific form)
Gema
We (Plain / Standard form)
Käfra
We (Formal / Honorific form)
Loma
You (Plain / Standard form)
Kondu
You (Formal / Honorific form)
Fera
They (Plain / Standard form)
Kigra
They (Formal / Honorific form)
________________
Pronoun conjugations
Genitive pronouns
To create the genitive form of a pronoun, you add -or or -r at the end (-or for pronouns ended in consonant and -r for pronouns ended in vowel)
Accusative/Dative pronouns
To create the accusative/dative form of a pronoun, you add -al or -l at the end (-al for pronouns ended in consonant and -l for pronouns ended in vowel)
Collective pronouns
To create the collective form of a plural pronoun, you add -es (only used when compounded with other pronoun endings), or -s at the end. When compounded with other pronoun endings, this one always comes last, so consider for example “gemares” instead of “gemasor”.
Reflexive dative pronouns
To create the reflexive form of a dative pronoun, you add -im or -m at the end (-im for pronouns ended in consonant and -m for pronouns ended in vowel)
________________
Common affixes
-ir / -hir: Respect suffix. Added show respect or praise something
If a word ends in -i, this prefix can mutate to -r
-ra: Adjective suffix
-rai: Adverb suffix
-ki: Visible verb suffix
-sa: Invisible verb suffix
-drä: Human/Occupation suffix
-mor: Place/Location suffix (cuando te pongas a crear palabras usando esto, conserva cuantos sinónimos tengas, y haz que toda palabra con este sufijo que tenga un sinónimo sea la “versión inculta”)
Son-: Adjective/Adverb enlarger prefix
Se-: Equivalent “also”, only for postpositions
-ora / -mora: Adjectivizer suffix
-eth / -th: Ordinalizer (1 ⇒ 1st / 2 ⇒ 2nd / etc…)
O-: Adjective/Adverb negation prefix
A-: Modifier (if a word is given this prefix, it is not referring to its most common meaning)